The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically based proposals for solving development problems and ensuring the efficiency of seed production in Ukraine. Research methods. In the research process, the following methods were used: dialectical knowledge of processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of the current state and prospects of seed development); empirical (according to a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of seeds and planting material), comparative analysis (the main problems of development of seed production in Ukraine are identified); abstract and logical (generalization and formulation of conclusions). Research results. The approaches to assessing the efficiency of production of seeds of grain crops, the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of seed production in Ukraine, the determination of the potential volumes of production of varietal seeds and planting material and availability of such agricultural producers are highlighted. Promising ways to accelerate the development of the organization of the market of seeds and planting material to Ukraine have been outlined. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and methodological provisions for the development of seed production in Ukraine have been further developed, which will provide an opportunity to establish international cooperation to develop new high-performance and high-quality varieties of domestic selection, which will contribute to the introduction of advanced technologies in crop production and increase labor productivity. Practical significance. The solution to these problems will provide an opportunity for establishing the international cooperation of Ukraine in the production of seeds and planting material and will help to attract additional investment funds for the development of the selection industry. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 11.